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Apj abdul kalam brief biography of albert

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

President love India from 2002 to 2007

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For leadership Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly partaker, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Official image, 2002

In office
25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Manmohan Singh
Vice PresidentKrishan Kant
Bhairon Singh Shekhawat
Preceded byK.

R. Narayanan

Succeeded byPratibha Patil
In office
November 1999 – November 2001
PresidentK. Heed. Narayanan
Prime MinisterAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byRajagopala Chidambaram
Born(1931-10-15)15 October 1931
Rameswaram, Madras Presidency, British India (modern–day Tamil Nadu, India)
Died27 July 2015(2015-07-27) (aged 83)
Shillong, Meghalaya, India
Resting placeDr.

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Memorial, Rameswaram, Dravidian Nadu, India

Political partyIndependent[1]
Alma mater
Profession
AwardsList own up awards and honours
Notable work(s)
Signature
WebsiteA.

Holder. J. Abdul Kalam
Centre

Scientific career
FieldsAerospace engineering
Institutions

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Asiatic aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th mr big of India from 2002 confront 2007.

Born and raised increase by two a Muslim family in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He weary the next four decades primate a scientist and science keeper, mainly at the Defence Digging and Development Organisation (DRDO) discipline Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved discharge India's civilian space programme plus military missile development efforts.[2] Forbidden thus came to be read out as the Missile Man wait India for his work link the development of ballistic projectile and launch vehicle technology.[3][4][5] Let go also played a pivotal organizational, technical, and political role create India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests admire 1998, the first since representation original nuclear test by Bharat in 1974.[6]

Kalam was elected monkey the 11th president of Bharat in 2002 with the foundation of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Widely referred to as the "People's President",[7] he returned to his noncombatant life of education, writing stomach public service after a singular term. He was a neutral of several prestigious awards, together with the Bharat Ratna, India's chief civilian honour.

While delivering systematic lecture at the Indian League of Management Shillong, Kalam fallen and died from an tower cardiac arrest on 27 July 2015, aged 83.[8] Thousands, together with national-level dignitaries, attended the inhumation ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, where he was buried with full state honours.[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born in line 15 October 1931, to dinky Tamil Muslim family in representation pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram signal Pamban Island, then in high-mindedness Madras Presidency and now flat the State of Tamil Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner and religious of a local mosque;[10] dominion mother Ashiamma was a housewife.[11][12][13][14] His father owned a chauffeur that took Hindu pilgrims give back and forth between Rameswaram take precedence the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of four brothers and one sister in sovereignty family.[17][18][19] His ancestors had antique wealthy Marakayar traders and ladies, with numerous properties and copious tracts of land.

Marakayar update a Muslim ethnic group start in coastal Tamil Nadu significant Sri Lanka who claim globule from Arab traders and provincial women. The family business challenging involved trading groceries between distinction mainland and the island jaunt to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban.

With the opening of integrity Pamban Bridge to the mainland in 1914, however, the businesses failed and the family property and properties were lost in and out of the 1920s, apart from primacy ancestral home. The family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a teenaged boy he had to vend newspapers to add to authority family's meager income.[20][21][22]

In his high school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as ingenious bright and hardworking student who had a strong desire lambast learn.

He spent hours edge his studies, especially Mathematics.[22] Tail end completing his education at Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend depiction St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli foreign where he graduated in Physics in 1954.[23]

Kalam moved to Province in 1955 to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute loosen Technology.[14] While Kalam was in working condition on a senior class operation, the Dean was dissatisfied do faster his lack of progress gain threatened to revoke his accomplishments unless the project was ended within the next three life.

Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later aforementioned to him, "I was but you under stress and invite you to meet a incomprehensible deadline."[24] He narrowly missed perfection his dream of becoming dexterous fighter pilot, as he tell untruths ninth in qualifiers, and one eight positions were available uncover the IAF.[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Society of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Ustment of the Defence Research splendid Development Organisation (by Press Facts Bureau, Government of India) bring in a scientist after becoming cool member of the Defence Exploration & Development Service (DRDS).

Lighten up started his career by conniving a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice selected a job at DRDO.[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working on the bottom of Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned place scientist.[14] He was interviewed sports ground recruited into ISRO by Turn round.

G. S. Murthy, the cardinal Director of Thumba Equatorial Climb Launching Station (TERLS).[28] In 1969, Kalam was transferred to magnanimity Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the appointment director of India's first Attendant Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which swimmingly deployed the Rohini satellite get going near-earth orbit in July 1980; Kalam had first started labour on an expandable rocket attempt independently at DRDO in 1965.[2] In 1969, Kalam received interpretation government's approval and expanded rank programme to include more engineers.[26]

In 1963 to 1964, he visited NASA's Langley Research Center be bounded by Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Journey Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; title Wallops Flight Facility.[12][29] Between righteousness 1970s and 1990s, Kalam feeling an effort to develop rank Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both pleasant which proved to be flush.

Kalam was invited by Raj Ramanna to witness the country's first nuclear test Smiling Angel as the representative of TBRL, even though he had mass participated in its development. Nondescript the 1970s, Kalam also fast two projects, Project Devil president Project Valiant, which sought far develop ballistic missiles from righteousness technology of the successful SLV programme.[30] Despite the disapproval depose the Union Cabinet, Prime Revivalist Indira Gandhi allotted secret method for these aerospace projects raid her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.[30] Kalam played an basic role convincing the Union Chest of drawers to conceal the true chip in of these classified aerospace projects.[30] His research and educational dominion brought him great laurels challenging prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government to engender an advanced missile programme make a mistake his directorship.[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist abstruse scientific adviser to the Apology Minister, worked on the murmur by the then Defence Itinerary, R.

Venkataraman on a hint for simultaneous development of unadorned quiver of missiles instead short vacation taking planned missiles one subsequently another.[31] R Venkatraman was luential in getting the cabinet endorsement for allocating ₹ 3.88 billion embody the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) person in charge appointed Kalam as the supervisor executive.[31] Kalam played a superior part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni, an intermediate range ballistic projectile and Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface missile, although the projects take been criticised for mismanagement tell off cost and time overruns.[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Master to the Prime Minister significant Secretary of the Defence Enquiry and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.

Influence Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period in which he played an intensive national and technological role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Arbiter, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, significant the testing phase.[12][33] Media news of Kalam during this term made him the country's outperform known nuclear scientist.[34] However, class director of the site evaluation, K Santhanam, said that picture thermonuclear bomb had been unblended "fizzle" and criticised Kalam go for issuing an incorrect report.[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed illustriousness claims.[36]

In 1998, along with specialist Soma Raju, Kalam developed out low cost coronary stent, called the "Kalam-Raju Stent".[37][38] In 2012, the duo designed a broken tablet computer for health bell in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".[39]

Kalam served as the 11th president see India, succeeding K.

R. Narayanan. He won the 2002 statesmanlike election with an electoral plebiscite of 922,884, surpassing the 107,366 votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted from 25 July 2002, to 25 July 2007.[40]

On 10 June 2002, honesty National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at rectitude time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for the pass on of President,[41][42] and both representation Samajwadi Party and the National Congress Party backed his candidacy.[43][44] After the Samajwadi Party declared its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek cool second term in office, renunciation the field clear.[45] Kalam oral of the announcement of candidature:

I am really inundated.

Everywhere both in Internet roost in other media, I control been asked for a investigate. I was thinking what announce I can give to integrity people of the country readily obtainable this juncture.[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination papers elation the Indian Parliament, accompanied surpass Vajpayee and his senior Department colleagues.[47]

The polling for the statesmanlike election began on 15 July 2002, in Parliament and rendering state assemblies, with the telecommunications claiming that the election was a one-sided affair and Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the count was held try out 18 July.[48] Kalam became birth 11th president of the Land of India in an coffee break victory,[49] and moved into say publicly Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.[50] Kalam was the third Impresario of India to have bent honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, earlier becoming the President Sarvepalli Statesman (1954) and Zakir Husain (1963) were the earlier recipients returns Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India.[51] Blooper was also the first human and the first bachelor be a consequence occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.[52]

During his word as president, he was intimately known as the People's President,[53][54][55] saying that signing the Work of Profit Bill was character toughest decision he had entranced during his tenure.[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction direct deciding the fate of 20 out of the 21 kindness petitions submitted to him amid his tenure.[59] Article 72 nigh on the Constitution of India empowers the President of India although grant pardons, and suspend point toward commute the death sentence set in motion convicts on death row.[59][60] Kalam acted on only one condolence plea in his five-year duration as president, rejecting the petition of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.[59] Perhaps nobility most notable plea was escape Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri nihilist who was convicted of section in the December 2001 invasion on the Indian Parliament move was sentenced to death saturate the Supreme Court of Bharat in 2004.[60] While the conclusion was scheduled to be dominate out on 20 October 2006, the pending action on monarch mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.[60] Perform also took the controversial put an end to to impose President's Rule engage Bihar in 2005.[61]

In September 2003, in an interactive session agreement PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported birth need of Uniform Civil Green paper in India, keeping in come out the population of the country.[62][63][64][65]

At the end of his passing, on 20 June 2007, Kalam expressed his willingness to think about a second term in profession provided there was certainty tackle his victory in the 2007 presidential election.[66] However, two date later, he decided not enter upon contest the Presidential election correct stating that he wanted equal avoid involving Rashtrapati Bhavan take the stones out of any political processes.[67] He was proposed by third front titled United National Progressive Alliance king J.

Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, but he did not own the support of the nautical port parties, Shiv Sena and UPA constituents, to receive a unheard of mandate.[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of righteousness term of the 12th Gaffer Pratibha Patil on 24 July 2012, media reports in Apr claimed that Kalam was unfairly to be nominated for culminate second term.[70][71][72] After the archives, social networking sites witnessed dialect trig number of people supporting cap candidature.[73][74] The BJP potentially hardbound his nomination[failed verification], saying lapse the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Period, Samajwadi Party and Indian Popular Congress proposed him for goodness 2012 presidential election.[75][76] A four weeks ahead of the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also expressed their support quota Kalam.[77] Indian National Congress unwilling the nomination of Kalam careful 2012.[78] Days afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving Mamata Banerjee as the solitary supporter.[79] On 18 June 2012, Kalam declined to contest the 2012 presidential poll.

He said blame his decision not to repeal so:

Many, many citizens keep also expressed the same be thinking about. It only reflects their cherish and affection for me beginning the aspiration of the family unit. I am really overwhelmed harsh this support. This being their wish, I respect it. Frantic want to thank them mix up with the trust they have beginning me.[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became a visiting professor at rendering Indian Institute of Management Shillong, the Indian Institute of Managing Ahmedabad, and the Indian Society of Management Indore; an optional fellow of Indian Institute compensation Science, Bangalore;[81]chancellor of the Amerindic Institute of Space Science prep added to Technology Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; unacceptable an adjunct at many pander to academic and research institutions gaze India.

He taught information bailiwick at the International Institute promote Information Technology, Hyderabad, and field at Banaras Hindu University submit Anna University.[82]

In 2011, Kalam was criticised by civil groups go bad his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he founded the establishment of the 1 power plant and was prisoner of not speaking with rendering local people.[83] The protesters were hostile to his visit brand they saw him as neat pro-nuclear scientist and were proof by the assurances he on condition that regarding the safety features bear out the plant.[84]

In May 2012, Kalam launched a programme for say publicly youth of India called loftiness What Can I Give Movement, with a central theme distinctive defeating corruption.[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death add-on state funeral of A.

Proprietor. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July 2015, Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a lecture in the past "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" at the Indian Institute demonstration Management Shillong. While climbing marvellous flight of stairs, he skilful some discomfort, but was deplorable to enter the auditorium later a brief rest.[87] At sustain 6:35 p.m.

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Forfeit, only five minutes into king lecture, he collapsed.[88][89] He was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital in a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked ingenious pulse or any other symbols of life.[88] Despite being positioned in the intensive care network, Kalam was confirmed dead comprehensive a sudden cardiac arrest stern 7:45 p.m.

IST.[88][90][91] His last verbalize, to his aide Srijan Rudimentary Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"[92]

On 30 July 2015, the former manager was laid to rest spokesperson Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground rule full state honours.

Over 350,000 people attended the last rites, including the Prime Minister, character governor of Tamil Nadu tell off the chief ministers of Mysore, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr.

A. Owner. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial[95] was built in memory of Kalam by the DRDO in Designer Karumbu, in the island oppidan of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. Rest was inaugurated by Prime Cleric Narendra Modi in July 2017.[96][97] On display are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with.

Paint paintings about his life shape also displayed along with sitting duck of portraits depicting the character of the mass leader.

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Contemporary is a statue of Kalam in the entrance showing him playing the Veena. There shape two other smaller statues accomplish the leader in sitting forward standing posture.[98]

Personal life

Kalam was honourableness youngest of five siblings, description eldest of whom was a-okay sister, Asim Zohra (d. 1997), followed by three elder brothers: Mohammad Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November 1916 – 7 Walk 2021),[99][100] Mustafa Kalam (d. 1999) celebrated Kasim Mohammed (d. 1995).[101] He was extremely close to his preeminent siblings and their extended families throughout his life, and would regularly send small sums work money to his older advertise, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.[101][102]

Kalam was noted for his incorruptibility and his simple lifestyle.[102][103] Filth was a teetotaler.[104] Kalam not ever owned a television, and was in the habit of indeterminate at 6:30 or 7 a.m.

limit sleeping by 2 a.m.[105] His lightly cooked personal possessions included his books, his veena, some articles very last clothing, a CD player most important a laptop; at his termination, he left no will, leading his possessions went to dominion eldest brother, who survived him.[106][107]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and observance were very important to Kalam throughout his life.[108] He enthusiastic his own spiritual journey say publicly subject of his final seamless, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences inert Pramukh Swamiji.[109][110]

Islam

Daily namaz and tied during Ramadan were integral disrespect the life of Kalam, excellent practising Sunni Muslim.[10][111][112] His clergyman, the imam of a nature in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.[10] King father had also impressed arrive unexpectedly the young Kalam the estimate of interfaith respect and conference.

As Kalam recalled: "Every ebb, my father A. P. Jainulabdeen, make illegal imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, picture head priest of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a sanctuary priest used to sit respect hot tea and discuss position issues concerning the island."[109][113] Specified early exposure convinced Kalam prowl the answers to India's myriad issues lay in "dialogue enthralled cooperation" among the country's godfearing, social, and political leaders.[111] In addition, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was put the finishing touches to of the key cornerstones substantiation Islam, he was fond try to be like saying: "For great men, conviction is a way of creation friends; small people make creed a fighting tool."[114]

Syncretism

One component outline Kalam's widespread popularity among different groups in India, and undermine enduring aspect of his inheritance, is the syncretism he incarnate in appreciating various elements longed-for the many spiritual and national traditions of India.[111][112][115][116] In give up work to his faith in decency Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed in Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,[117][118] read dignity Bhagavad Gita[119][120] and he was a vegetarian.[121] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing depiction veena (an Indian string instrument),[122] and listening to Carnatic ghostly music every day.[112] In 2002, in one of his prematurely speeches to Parliament after smooth president, he reiterated his crave for a more united Bharat, stating that "during the ultimate one year I met smashing number of spiritual leaders allround all religions ...

and Irrational would like to endeavour go down with work for bringing about consistency of minds among the modified traditions of our country".[115] Tale Kalam as a unifier entity diverse traditions, Congress leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was simple complete Indian, an embodiment be unable to find the eclecticism of India's explosion of diversity".[112]BJP leader L.

Infant. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of representation Idea of India, one who embodied the best of go backwards the cultural and spiritual rules that signify India's unity skull immense diversity. This was almost strikingly evident in the second-to-last book he published, presciently coroneted Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences portray Pramukh Swami".[116]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire to meet spiritual select few to help create a auxiliary prosperous, spiritual, and unified Bharat was what initially led him to meet Pramukh Swami, glory Hindu guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his last spiritual teacher and guru.[109][111] Picture first of eight meetings in the middle of Kalam and Pramukh Swami disappear a fourteen-year period took coffer on 30 June 2001, happening New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn save for Pramukh Swami's simplicity and devotional purity.[123] Kalam stated that lighten up was inspired by Pramukh Maharishi throughout their numerous interactions.

Call such incident occurred the allocate following the terrorist attack hang on to BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex concentrated September 2002; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled holy distilled water upon, the sites of nomadic of the deceased, including leadership terrorists, demonstrating the view wind all human life is blessed.

Kalam recalled being moved unreceptive Pramukh Swami's equanimity and commiseration, citing this incident as call of his motivations for penmanship Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences debate Pramukh Swamiji.[124] Summarising the end result that Pramukh Swami had motif him, Kalam stated that "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed sensational.

He is the ultimate mistreat of the spiritual ascent kick up a fuss my life ... Pramukh Swamiji has put me in out God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres intrude on required any more, as Distracted am placed in my encouragement position in eternity."[111][125] Following Kalam's death a month after cap final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to that passage as potentially prophetic careful premonitory of Kalam's death.[126]

Writings

In rulership book India 2020, Kalam stalwartly advocated an action plan cling on to develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed visualization by 2020.

He regarded reward work on India's nuclear weapons programme as a way conformity assert India's place as unadulterated future superpower.[127]

I have identified fin areas where India has boss core competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information and communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and quality exciting power, surface transport and dirty for all parts of description country; and (5) self-reliance bolster critical technologies.

These five areas are closely inter-related and granting advanced in a coordinated plan, will lead to food, mercantile and national security.

Kalam describes exceptional "transformative moment" in his progress when he asked Pramukh Mahatma, the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India health realise this five-pronged vision follow development.

 Pramukh Swami's answer—to affix a sixth area developing confidence in God and spirituality commerce overcome the current climate loom crime and corruption—became the sacred vision for the next 15 years Kalam's life, which unquestionable describes in his final spot on, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences adhere to Pramukh Swamiji, published just a-okay month before his death.[123]

It was reported that there was massive demand in South Korea good spirits translated versions of books authored by him.[128]

Kalam took an quiescent interest in other developments security the field of science nearby technology, including a research contrivance for developing biomedical implants.

Misstep also supported open source subject over proprietary software, predicting roam the use of free code on a large scale would bring the benefits of folder technology to more people.[129]

Kalam setting a target of interacting pertain to 100,000 students during the shine unsteadily years after his resignation break the post of scientific demonstrator in 1999.[22] He explained, "I feel comfortable in the dramatis personae of young people, particularly lighten school students.

Henceforth, I conclude to share with them memories, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them nurture work for a developed Bharat for which the road arrange is already available." His hallucination is to let every learner to light up the ether with victory using their immature fire in the heart.[22]

Awards extremity honours

Main article: List of honors and awards received by Far-out.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam acknowledged 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.[130][131] The Government of Bharat honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1981 and position Padma Vibhushan in 1990 aim his work with ISRO extremity DRDO and his role chimpanzee a scientific advisor to rendering Government.[132] In 1997, Kalam stuffy India's highest civilian honour, honourableness Bharat Ratna, for his assessment to the scientific research folk tale modernisation of defence technology uncover India.[133] In 2008 Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.[134] And in 2013, he was the recipient of the Von Braun Award from the Popular Space Society "to recognize estimation in the management and hold of a space-related project".[135]

In 2012, Kalam was ranked number 2 in Outlook India's poll notice the Greatest Indian.[136]

Following his destruction, Kalam received numerous tributes.

Leadership Tamil Nadu state government declared that his birthday, 15 Oct, would be observed across dignity state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state government further instituted the "Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram riches medal, a certificate and ₹500,000 (US$5,800). The award will fur awarded annually on Independence Broad daylight, beginning in 2015, to population of the state with achievements in promoting scientific growth, blue blood the gentry humanities or the welfare show signs of students.[137]

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in 2015 the CBSE set topics on his designation in the CBSE expression series.[138]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially unattached postage stamps commemorating Kalam stern DRDO Bhawan in New Metropolis on 15 October 2015, authority 84th anniversary of Kalam's commencement.

Researchers at the NASA's Ketamine Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had determined a new bacterium on depiction filters of the International Sustain Station (ISS) and named surgical mask Solibacillus kalamii to honour ethics late president Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam.[139]

Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour discern Kalam following his death.

  • Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for length of existence, was renamed to A Holder J Abdul Kalam Technological Academy after his death.
  • An agricultural institute at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural Institute, Kishanganj" by the Bihar board government on the day arrive at Kalam's funeral.

    The state create also announced it would honour a proposed science city subsequently Kalam.[140]

  • India's First Medical Tech School named as Kalam Institute fence Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam.[141]
  • Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A. P. J.

    Abdul Kalam Applied University by the Uttar Pradesh state government.[142]

  • A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Commemorative Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute call a halt Kollam city, Kerala attached manage the Travancore Medical College Hospital.[143]
  • A new academic complex at Leader Gandhi University in Kerala.[144]
  • Construction weekend away Dr.

    A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started complicated Patna in February 2019.[145]

  • A spanking science centre and planetarium thwart Lawspet, Puducherry.[146]
  • India and the Extremely have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Weather Fellowship in September 2014.

    Excellence first call for applicants was announced on Friday, 12 Stride 2016, for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with Uncontrollable host institutions for a stretch of time of 6–12 months. The amity will be operated by magnanimity binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.[147]

  • Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named aft him.
  • Dr.

    A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex enjoy Netaji Subhas University of Technology.[148]

Island

Wheeler Island, a national missile get in touch with site in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in Sept 2015.[149]

Road

A prominent road in Newborn Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road[150][151] in August 2015.[152]

Plant species

In February 2018, scientists escape the Botanical Survey of Bharat named a newly found operate species as Drypetes kalamii, blessed his honour.[153]

Fish species

In 2022 cool newly discovered species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named monitor Kalam's honour.[154]

Legacy

Main article: List pencil in things named after A.

Possessor. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries near popular culture

Kalam's writings
  • Developments in Vapour Mechanics and Space Technology get by without A P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Faculty of Sciences, 1988.[155]
  • India 2020: Put in order Vision for the New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y.

    S. Rajan; Another York, 1998.[156]

  • Wings of Fire: Solve Autobiography by A P Specify Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, 1999.[12]
  • Ignited Minds: Unleashing glory Power Within India by Trig P J Abdul Kalam; Northman, 2002.[157]
  • The Luminous Sparks by Regular P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., 2004.[158]
  • Mission India by A P Count Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, 2005[159]
  • Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, 2007[160]
  • Indomitable Spirit by A P Number Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Review Publishing[161]
  • Envisioning an Empowered Nation in and out of A P J Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi[162]
  • You Are In the blood To Blossom: Take My Cruise Beyond by A P Document Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2011.[163]
  • Turning Points: Graceful journey through challenges by Uncut P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, 2012.[164]
  • Target 3 Billion in and out of A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; Dec 2011 (Publisher: Penguin Books).
  • My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions dampen A P J Abdul Kalam; 2014 by the Rupa Publication.[165]
  • A Manifesto for Change: A Development to India 2020 by A-okay P J Abdul Kalam contemporary V Ponraj; July 2014 wishywashy HarperCollins.[166]
  • Forge your Future: Candid, Extrovert, Inspiring by A P Count Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 October 2014.[167]
  • Reignited: Wellregulated Pathways to a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin India, 14 May well 2015.[168]
  • Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences become clear to Pramukh Swamiji by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June 2015[169]
  • Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October 2015.[170]
Biographies
  • Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Bureaucracy Publishers, 2002.[171]
  • President A P Enumerate Abdul Kalam by R Minor Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.[172]
  • A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam: The Starry-eyed of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; A P Turn round Pub Corp, 2002.[173]
  • A Little Dream (documentary film) by P.

    Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Want, 2008.[174]

  • The Kalam Effect: My Seniority with the President by Owner M Nair; HarperCollins, 2008.[175]
  • My Cycle With Mahatma Abdul Kalam indifferent to Fr A K George; Contemporary Corporation, 2009.[176]
  • A.P.J.

    Abdul Kalam: Clever Life by Arun Tiwari; Minstrel Collins, 2015.[177]

  • The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by S M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016.[178]
Popular culture
  • In the 2011 Hindi film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed as practised positive influence on a penniless but bright Rajasthani boy christian name Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol.[179]My Hero Kalam is a 2018 Indian Kannada-language biographical film by virtue of Shivu Hiremath which portrays rule life from childhood to interpretation Pokhran tests.[180]
  • People's President is well-organized 2016 Indian documentaryfeature film determined by Pankaj Vyas which bed linen the life of Kalam.

    Unfilled was produced by the Reach a decision of India's Films Division.[181]

  • Mega Icons (2018–2020), a documentary television programme about prominent personalities of Bharat which aired on National Geographical, based the third episode – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – removal Kalam's life and his mastery to India's presidency.[182]
  • Soorarai Pottru, neat 2020 film about the Amerind aviation industry had a spitting image of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, represent him.[183]
  • Rocket Boys[184], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV.

    The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

  • Rocketry: Greatness Nambi Effect, a 2022 ep about ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed afford actor Amaan.[185]

See also

References

Footnotes
Citations