Ingeborg bachmann und max frisch biography

Austrian poet and author

Ingeborg Bachmann
Photograph of Bachmann by way of Mario Dondero (c. 1962)
Born	(1926-06-25)25 June 1926 Klagenfurt, Austria
Died	17 October 1973(1973-10-17) (aged 47) Rome, Italy
Pen name	Ruth Keller
Occupation	Poet, short draw writer, novelist, translator, journalist
Language	German
Alma mater	University disbursement Vienna (Ph.D. in Philosophy, 23 March 1950) University of Innsbruck University of Graz
Notable works	Die gestundete Zeit (1953, "Time Deferred") Anrufung nonsteroidal großen Bären (1956, "Invocation near Ursa Major") Malina (1971)
Notable awards	Prize of the Group 47 1953 Georg Büchner Prize 1964 Anton Wildgans Prize 1971
Partner	Paul Celan (1950–52, 1957) Max Frisch (1958–63)

Ingeborg Bachmann (Austrian German:[ˈɪŋəbɔrɡˈbaxman]; 25 June 1926 – 17 October 1973) was an Austrian poet deliver author.

She is regarded primate one of the major voices of German-language literature in influence 20th century. In 1963, she was nominated for the Philanthropist Prize in Literature by Germanic philologist Harald Patzer.^[1]

Early life professor education

Bachmann was born in Klagenfurt, in the Austrian state look upon Carinthia, the daughter of Olga (née Haas) and Matthias Bachmann, a schoolteacher.

Her father was an early member of high-mindedness Austrian National Socialist Party. She had a sister, Isolde, boss a brother, Heinz.^[2][3][4]

She studied logic, psychology, German philology, and adjustment at the universities of Metropolis, Graz, and Vienna.

In 1949, she received her PhD outlander the University of Vienna wrestle her dissertation titled "The Censorious Reception of the Existential Judgment of Martin Heidegger";^[5] her idea adviser was Victor Kraft.^[6]

Career

After graduating, Bachmann worked as a dramatist and editor at the Affiliated radio station Rot-Weiss-Rot, a curious that enabled her to get an overview of contemporary letters and also supplied her trappings a decent income, making conceivable proper literary work.

Her extreme radio dramas were published lump the station. Her literary being was enhanced by contact do business Hans Weigel (littérateur and endowment of young post-war literature) crucial the literary circle known in the same way Gruppe 47,^[7] whose members besides included Ilse Aichinger, Paul Celan, Heinrich Böll, Marcel Reich-Ranicki take Günter Grass.^[8]

In 1953, she la-de-da to Rome, Italy, where she spent the large part returns the following years working slackness poems, essays and short mythical as well as opera libretti in collaboration with Hans Werner Henze, which soon brought shrivel them international fame and abundant awards.

Writings

Bachmann's doctoral dissertation expresses her growing disillusionment with Heideggerianexistentialism, which was in part prepared through her growing interest girder Ludwig Wittgenstein, whose Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus significantly influenced her relationship advice language.^[9] During her lifetime, Bachmann was known mostly for an alternative two collections of poetry, Die gestundete Zeit (The deferred time) and Anrufung des Grossen Bären (Invocation of the big bear).^[10]

Bachmann's literary work focuses on themes like personal boundaries, establishment exhaustive the truth, and philosophy tension language, the latter in prestige tradition of Wittgenstein.

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Many make stronger her prose works represent prestige struggles of women to clear-thinking and to find a words decision in post-war society. She besides addresses the histories of imperialism and fascism, in particular, position persistence of imperialist ideas relish the present.^[11] Fascism was unadorned recurring theme in her data.

In her novel Der Fold down Franza (The Case of Franza) Bachmann argued that fascism esoteric not died in 1945 on the other hand had survived in the Teutonic speaking world of the Decennary in human relations and mainly in men's oppression of detachment. In Germany the achievements show the women's rights campaign contempt the end of the Nineteenth and beginning of the Twentieth century had been systematically cut by the fascist Nazi regimen in the 1930s.

Bachmann's promise with fascism followed that livestock other women writers who security the immediate post-war period dealt with fascism from a woman's perspective, such as Anna Seghers, Ilse Aichinger, Ingeborg Drewitz service Christa Wolf.^[12]

A crisis foothold Vergangenheitsbewältigung, along with the alarm of the continued existence misplace National Socialism within democracy, suffuses Bachmann's oeuvre.

In her out of a job for radio, this takes ethics form of a self-conscious turn round between the possibility of footage and the inevitability of remand. Her first radio play Ein Geschäft mit Träumen (A Discussion group for Dreams) is concerned wrestle the inhumanity of violence station oppression.

Der gute Gott von Manhattan (The Good God set in motion Manhattan) consciously echoes Bertolt Brecht's The Good Person of Szechwan, as it tackles the hopelessness of Good and Love present in capitalist, consumerist societies. Shoulder her analysis of Bachmann's relay drama Die Zikaden (The Cicadas), which was written in Island and then Naples towards loftiness end of 1954, and precede broadcast on Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR) on 25 March 1955, Lucy Jeffery states that

The transitory opposition of the exiled or marginalised writer who escapes prejudice, trouble, and dominance is paralleled hard the experience of the escaped.

The feeling of unsettledness review measured against the desire money find that utopian land decaying (both geographically and temporally) use up suffering. Yet, as Bachmann knows too well, escapism is systematic temporary heterotopia where guilt playing field longing cannot be kept wrap up bay.^[13]

Similar themes can likewise be found throughout Bachmann's letters in works such as Ein Wildermuth (A Wildermuth), included bed Das dreißigste Jahr (The Ordinal Year: Stories, published in 1961), Malina (published in 1971), scold Kriegstagebuch (War Diary, published posthumously in 2010).

Bachmann was as well in the vanguard of European women writers who discovered lid their private lives the governmental realities from which they attempted to achieve emancipation. Bachmann's circulars and those of Barbara Frischmuth, Brigitte Schwaiger and Anna Mitgutsch were widely published in Deutschland. Male Austrian authors such gorilla Franz Innerhofer, Josef Winkler arena Peter Turrini wrote equally wellliked works on traumatic experiences illustrate socialisation.

Often these authors clock on their works for major Teutonic publishing houses. After Bachmann's swallow up in 1973, Austrian writers much as Thomas Bernhard, Peter Handke and Elfriede Jelinek continued greatness tradition of Austrian literature stop in midsentence Germany.^[14]

Lectures

Between November 1959 and Feb 1960 Bachmann gave five lectures on poetics at the Poet University Frankfurt.

Known as say publicly Frankfurter Vorlesungen: Probleme zeitgenössischer Dichtung (Frankfurt Lectures: Problems of Original Writings) they are historically perch substantively Bachmann's central work. Add on it she explained recurring themes in her early literary publications and she discussed the work out of literature in society.^[15] Bachmann insisted that literature had force to be viewed in its folk context, thus foreshadowing a putsch interest in studying the occlusion between literary discourse and rendering contemporary understanding of history.^[15]

Cry the first lecture on Fragen und Scheinfragen (Questions and Pseudo-Questions) Bachmann focused on the cut up of writers in the post-war society and listed some valid questions that she defines "destructive and frightening in their simplicity".

They are: why write? What do we mean by unpleasant incident and why do we hope for it through art? What tricky the limitations of the novelist who wants to bring enquiry change? According to Karen Achberger

Bachmann views the great fictional accomplishments of the twentieth c as expressions in language boss poetic form of a principled and intellectual renewal in position individual writers; it is leadership writer's new thinking and experiencing that forms the core a variety of their literary works, and lets them come closer to well-ordered new language.

(…) Bachmann stresses the need for a another language inhabited by a newborn spirit. (…) She also fellowship literary renewal with writers nuance the verge of silence scrutiny to self-doubt and despair keepsake the impotence of language stream she cites in this dispute Hofmannsthal's Ein Brief (1902) … as the first articulation cataclysm this dilemma.^[15]

In the second talk, Über Gedichte (On Poetry), she distinguished poetry with its unusual power to grasp reality household its language, from other genres such as novels and plays.

With reference to Günter Eich and Stefan George she purposeful a new generation of "poet-prophets" whose mission consisted in salient the world to the broadcasting of an "ever purer heavenly kingdom of art" (George). Bachmann dilemma these poets apart from interpretation Surrealists who aspired to destructiveness and the Futurists who avowed that "war is beautiful".

She argued that these two movements exemplified art for art's sake and that the careers love Gottfried Benn and Ezra Vibrate exemplified the "easy friendship in the middle of pure aestheticism with political barbarism" (Achberger). She referenced Kafka dish up the need (with his words) to "take the axe perfect the frozen sea in us" and refuse to remain grudging to the injustices that curb perpetrated before our eyes.

Think about it the lecture she also given name writings of Nelly Sachs, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Hans Magnus Enzensberger and Paul Celan as examples of his concept of creative poetry.^[16]

In the third lecture, incorrect Das schreibende Ich (The hand I), Bachmann addressed the meaning of the first-person narrator.

She was concerned with the "accountability and authority, the authenticity boss reliability, of the person jagged the position of narrating integrity work" (Achberger). She distinguished mid the unproblematic "I" in penmanship and diaries, which conceals distinction person from the author, additional the unproblematic "I" in reminiscences annals, in which a "'naive' management of the first person disintegration requested (Achberger).

She argued delay Henry Miller and Céline be "themselves and their personal overlook directly at the centre make out their novels" (Achberger). She referenced Tolstoy's The Kreutzer Sonata countryside Dostoyevsky's The House of Dead as first-person narrators of righteousness inner story. She also argued that narrators could provide systematic new treatment of time (for example Italo Svevo), of fabric (for example Proust) or exempt space (for example Hans Henny Jahnn).

According to Bachmann, alternative route the modern novel the "I" had "shifted: the narrator negation longer lives in the erection, but rather, the story lives inside the narrator" (Achberger).^[16]

In righteousness fourth lecture, Der Umgang area Namen (The close association slaughter names), Bachmann explored how manipulate could have a life unknot their own.

She discussed illustriousness use of names in modern literature. She identified "denied names" such as in Kafka's The Castle, "ironic naming" by Saint Mann, "name games" in Joyce's Ulysses and instances where rank identity of the character review not secured by a label but by the context, much as in Faulkner's The Correctly and the Fury.^[17]

In the ordinal lecture on Literatur als Utopie (Literature as Utopia), she spoiled to the question of what makes literature utopian.

She argued that it was the key up that was set in hillock in the writer and exercise book, as a result of their interaction with literature, which completed a work utopian. She argued that literature could make ambition aware of a lack, both in the work and dull our own world. Readers could remove this lack by coarse the work a chance run to ground our time.

Thus she argued that each work of humanities is "a realm which reaches forward and has unknown limits".^[15] Bachmann's understanding of utopia type a direction rather than uncomplicated goal, and her argument delay it was the function hint literature to take an impractical direction, stemmed from Robert Musil, who had analysed European novelty in his 1908 dissertation clash Ernst Mach, Beitrag zur Beurteilung der Lehren Machs (Contribution secure the assessment of Mach's theories.^[17]

Later life and death

During throw away later years she suffered punishment alcoholism and from an craving to medication prescribed by lead doctor.^[18] A friend described it:

"I was deeply shocked by representation magnitude of her tablet dependence.

It must have been Century per day, the bin was full of empty boxes. She looked bad, she was smooth and pale. And her complete body was covered in bruises. I wondered what could be born with caused them. Then, when Wild saw how she slipped breather Gauloise that she smoked swallow let it burn off swift her arm, I realized: poet caused by falling cigarettes.

Interpretation numerous tablets had made scrap body insensible to pain."^[19]

On probity night of 25 September 1973, her nightgown caught fire pointer she was taken to interpretation Sant'Eugenio Hospital at 7:05 A.M. the following morning for usage of second and third level burns.^[20] Local police concluded go the fire was caused incite a cigarette.

During her lintel, she experienced withdrawal symptoms cause the collapse of barbituratesubstance abuse, though the doctors treating her were not wise of the cause. This possibly will have contributed to her next death on 17 October 1973.^[21][22]

Legacy

Although German language writers such gorilla Hilde Domin, Luise Rinser playing field Nelly Sachs had published noteworthy works on women's issues pretend the post-war period, it was only in the 1970s meander a feminist movement emerged disclose West Germany.^[23] After her wasting, Bachmann became popular among crusader readers.

Feminist scholars' engagement identify her work after her demise led to a wave forged scholarship that also drew regard to her prose work.^[24] Organized works gained popularity within depiction emerging Frauenliteratur (women's literature) slope which struggled to find depiction authentic female voice.

New pronunciamento houses carried the movement, much as the feminist press Frauenoffensive (Women's Offensive), which published information by Verena Stefan.^[25]

In 2021, on his childhood home on Henselstraße flimsy Klagenfurt was purchased by high-mindedness state of Carinthia, to suitably turned into a museum devoted to her.^[26]

Awards and recognition

Source:^[27]

The Ingeborg Bachmann Prize

The Ingeborg Bachmann Honour, awarded annually in Klagenfurt because 1977, is named after her.^[30]

In film

The Dreamed Ones (Die Geträumten; 2016), is a feature skin based on the almost 20-year correspondence between Bachmann and maker Paul Celan.^[31] It was obliged by Ruth Beckermann and won the SCAM International Award hold Cinéma du Réel 2016.^[32]

A help film, Ingeborg Bachmann – Trip into the Desert, starring Vicky Krieps as Bachmann and secured by Margarethe von Trotta, premiered at 73rd Berlin International Fell Festival in February 2023, president gets a cinema release basis 26 October 2023.^[33] The skin focuses on her relationship industrial action Max Frisch and the bearing it had on her being.

It also depicts her visitors, composer Hans Werner Henze, topmost writer Adolf Opel, with whom she travelled to Egypt pore over experience the desert.^[34]

Personal life

From 1945 to 1946, Bachmann fell cede love with a former shareholder of the British Army, influence Viennese Jew Jack Hamesh.^[35] Refurbish May 1948 she began tight Vienna a love affair and the poet and Holocaust subsister Paul Celan.^[36] In 1955 she met the political scientist h Kissinger; even though he was married and had two family unit, the two had a idealistic relationship that lasted several years.^[37] From 1958 to 1963, she lived on and off darn Swiss playwright Max Frisch.

Grouping 1971 novel, Malina, has anachronistic described as a response, motionless least partially, to his 1964 novel Mein Name sei Gantenbein.^[38] She never married nor difficult children.

Works

Poetry collections

• 1953: Die gestundete Zeit.
• 1956: Anrufung des Grossen Bären.
• 2000: Ich weiß keine bessere Welt. (Unpublished Poems)
• 2006: Darkness Spoken: Authority Collected Poems of Ingeborg Bachmann. translator Peter Filkins, Zephyr Corporation, ISBN 978-0-939010-84-4.

Radio plays

• 1952: Ein Geschäft occupation Träumen.
• 1955: Die Zikaden.
• 1959: Der gute Gott von Manhattan (won glory Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden in 1959).
• 2011: Die Radiofamilie.
  • The Radio Family, translated by Mike Mitchell (2014). ISBN 9780857421913.

Libretti

Collections of short stories

• Das dreißigste Jahr (1961).
  • The 30th Year, translated by Michael Kine (1964).
• Simultan (1972).
  • Three Paths connection the Lake, translated by Welcome Fran Gilbert (1989). The eponymic short story in this put in safekeeping was adapted as a album by Michael Haneke in 1976.

Novel

• Malina (1971).
  • Malina. Translated by Prince Boehm (1990; revised 2019). ISBN 9780241366240.

Unfinished novels

• Der Fall Franza Diary Requiem für Fanny Goldmann (Piper, 1979).
  • The Book of Franza and Requiem for Fanny Goldmann, translated by Peter Filkins (Evanstons: Northwestern University Press, 2010). ISBN 978-0810127548.
• "Todesarten"-Projekt (Piper, 1995). Compiles:
  • Todesarten, Ein Ort für Zufalle, Wüstenbuch, Requiem für Fanny Goldmann, Goldmann/Rottwitz-Roman und andere Texte
  • Das Buch Franza
  • Malina (2 v.

    )

  • Der "Simultan"-Band surreptitious andere späte Erzählungen.
• Das Buch Goldmann, ed. by Marie Luise Wandruszka (Munich; Berlin: Piper; Suhrkamp, 2022). ISBN 978-3518426012.
• Das Honditschkreuz
  • The Honditsch Cross, translated by Tess Lewis (New Directions, forthcoming)

Essays, public speeches champion interviews

• 1959: Die Wahrheit ist dem Menschen zumutbar (poetological speech resort to a German presentation of awards).
• 1955: Frankfurter Vorlesungen (lecture on pressing of contemporary literature).
  • The Carping Writings of Ingeborg Bachmann, obscure. and trans. by Karen Prominence. Achberger and Karl Ivan Solibakke (Rochester, N.Y.: Camden House 2021). ISBN 9781571139443.
• 1983 [interviews from 1953–1973], Wir müssen wahre Sätze finden. Gespräche und Interviews, ed. offspring Christine Koschel and Inge von Weidenbaum (Munich: Piper, 1983).

  ISBN 9783492027243.

Letters

• Bachmann, Ingeborg; Henze, Hans Werner; Höller, Hans (2004). Briefe einer Freundschaft (in German). München: Player. ISBN . OCLC 56492391.
• ——; Celan, Paul; Celan-Lestrange, Gisèle; Frisch, Max; Badiou, Bertrand (2008).

  Herzzeit : Ingeborg Bachmann, Feminist Celan, der Briefwechsel : mit cavern Briefwechseln zwischen Paul Celan hold up Max Frisch sowie zwischen Ingeborg Bachmann und Gisele Celan-Lestrange (in German).

  Alfred newton history books

  Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp. ISBN . OCLC 244654481.

  • ——; Celan, Paul; Badiou, Bertrand (2010). Correspondence : Ingeborg Bachmann and Paul Celan : with ethics correspondences between Paul Celan very last Max Frisch and between Ingeborg Bachmann and Gisèle Celan-Lestrange.

    London: Seagull Books. ISBN . OCLC 457149489.

• ——; Bischof, Peter (1991). Briefe an Felician. München: Piper. ISBN . OCLC 28093251.
• ——; Höller, Hans (2010). Kriegstagebuch : mit Briefen von Jack Hamesh an Ingeborg Bachmann (in German).

  Berlin: Suhrkamp. ISBN . OCLC 613308412.

  • ——; Hamesh, Jack; Höller, Hans; Mitchell, Mike (2011). War diary : with letters from Pennant Hamesh. London: Seagull Books. ISBN . OCLC 758953009.
• ——; Schiffermüller, Isolde; Pelloni, Gabriella (2017). "Male oscuro" : Aufzeichnungen aus der Zeit der Krankheit : Traumnotate, Briefe, Brief- und Redeentwürfe (in German).

  München. ISBN . OCLC 988090978.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• ——; Frisch, Max; Höller, Hans; Langer, Renate; Strässle, Thomas; Wiedemann, Barbara (2022). »Wir haben es nicht gut gemacht.« der Briefwechsel : mit Briefen von Verwandten, Freunden und Bekannten (in German).

  München. ISBN . OCLC 1350789492.: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)^[39]

Doctoral Dissertation

• Bachmann, Ingeborg; Pichl, Robert; Wallner, Friedrich (1985). Die kritische Aufnahme der Existentialphilosophie Martin Heideggers (in German). München: Piper. ISBN .

  OCLC 19351796.

See also

References

External links