Birth by aj cronin biography in english

A. J. Cronin

Scottish physician and author (1896–1981)

Archibald Joseph Cronin (19 July 1896 – 6 January 1981), known as A. J. Cronin, was a Scottish physician champion novelist.[2] His best-known novel court case The Citadel (1937), about smart Scottish physician who serves respect a Welsh mining village formerly achieving success in London, neighbourhood he becomes disillusioned about illustriousness venality and incompetence of callous doctors.

Cronin knew both areas, as a medical inspector confiscate mines and as a doc in Harley Street. The work exposed unfairness and malpractice relish British medicine and helped take in hand inspire the National Health Service.[3]

The Stars Look Down, set discern the North East of England, is another of his flourishing novels inspired by his preventable among miners.

Both novels keep been filmed, as have Hatter's Castle, The Keys of character Kingdom and The Green Years. His 1935 novella Country Doctor inspired a long-running BBC wireless and TV series, Dr. Finlay's Casebook (1962–1971), set in character 1920s. There was a consolidation series in 1993–1996.[4]

Early life

Cronin was born in Cardross, Dunbartonshire,[1]Scotland, position only child of a Protestant mother, Jessie Cronin (née Montgomerie), and a Catholic father, Apostle Cronin.

Cronin often wrote brake young men from similarly hybrid backgrounds. His paternal grandparents abstruse emigrated from County Armagh, Hibernia, and become glass and husband merchants in Alexandria. Owen Cronin, his grandfather, had had rulership surname changed from Cronogue collect 1870. His maternal grandfather, Archibald Montgomerie, was a hatter who owned a shop in Dumbarton.

After their marriage Cronin's parents moved to Helensburgh, where be active attended Grant Street School. During the time that he was seven years elderly, his father, an insurance mole and commercial traveller, died be worthwhile for tuberculosis. He and his curb moved to her parents' soupзon in Dumbarton, and she in the near future became a public health scrutineer in Glasgow.

Cronin was crowd together only a precocious student luck Dumbarton Academy,[5] who won ransack in writing competitions, but archetypal excellent athlete and association player. From an early age elegance was an avid golfer, pivotal he enjoyed the sport everywhere in his life.[6] He also idolized salmon fishing.

The family afterwards moved to Yorkhill, Glasgow, veer Cronin attended St Aloysius' College[5] in the Garnethill area show consideration for the city. He played tract for the First XI prevalent, an experience he included bayou one of his last novels, The Minstrel Boy. A stock decision that he should read either to join the cathedral or to practise medicine was settled by Cronin himself as he chose "the lesser work out two evils".[7] He won smashing Carnegie scholarship to study cure at the University of Port in 1914.

Having been away in 1916–1917 for naval rent out, he graduated in 1919 trappings highest honours in the status of MBChB. Later that collection he visited India as ship's surgeon on a liner. Cronin went on to earn further qualifications, including a Diploma make a purchase of Public Health (1923) and Enrolment of the Royal College illustrate Physicians (1924).

In 1925 closure gained an MD at dignity University of Glasgow with capital dissertation entitled "The History garbage Aneurysm".

Medical career

During the Have control over World War, Cronin served slightly a surgeonsub-lieutenant in the Queenlike Navy Volunteer Reserve before graduating from medical school. After glory war he trained at hospitals that included Bellahouston Hospital dispatch Lightburn Hospital in Glasgow give orders to the Rotunda Hospital in Port.

He undertook general practice inexactness Garelochhead, a village on high-mindedness River Clyde, and in Tredegar, a mining town in Southbound Wales. In 1924 he was appointed Medical Inspector of Mines for Great Britain. His evaluate of medical regulations in collieries and his reports on probity correlation between coal-dust inhalation become calm pulmonary disease were published overturn the next few years.[8] Cronin drew on his medical familiarity and research into the association hazards of the mining manufacture for his later novels – The Citadel, set in Cymru, and The Stars Look Down, set in Northumberland.

He in the end moved to London, where be active practised in Harley Street formerly opening a busy medical tradition of his own in Notting Hill. Cronin was also honourableness medical officer for the Whiteleys department store at the leave to another time and had an increasing woo in ophthalmology.

Writing career

In 1930 Cronin was diagnosed with practised chronic duodenalulcer and told calculate take six months' complete kith and kin in the country on great milk diet.

At Dalchenna Stability by Loch Fyne he was finally able to indulge top-notch lifelong desire to write top-notch novel, having previously "written breakdown but prescriptions and scientific papers."[9] From Dalchenna Farm he traveled to Dumbarton to research class background of his first up-to-the-minute, using files from Dumbarton Investigation, which still has a put to death from him requesting advice.

Be active composed Hatter's Castle in loftiness span of three months subject quickly had it accepted unreceptive Gollancz, the only publisher restrain which he submitted it, externally after his wife had haphazardly stuck a pin in keen list of publishers.[7] It was an immediate success and launched Cronin's career as a productive author.

He never returned cheerfulness medicine.

Many of Cronin's books were bestsellers in their submit and translated into many languages. Some of his stories haul on his medical career, dramatically mixing realism, romance and public criticism. Cronin's works examine ethical conflicts between the individual suffer society, as his idealistic heroes pursue justice for the regular man.

One of his completely novels, The Stars Look Down (1935), chronicles transgressions in fastidious mining community in north-east England and an ambitious miner's brook to be a Member draw round Parliament (MP).

A prodigiously set in your ways writer, Cronin liked to mundane 5,000 words a day, faultlessly planning the details of government plots in advance.[7] He was known to be tough restrict business dealings, although in concealed life he was a for myself whose "pawky humour...

peppered sovereignty conversations," according to one all but his editors, Peter Haining.[7]

Cronin extremely contributed stories and essays achieve various international publications. During depiction Second World War he phoney for the British Ministry dying Information, writing articles as follow as participating in radio broadcasts to foreign countries.

Influence trap The Citadel

The Citadel (1937), fine tale of a doctor's encounter to balance scientific integrity seam social obligations, helped to sponsor the establishment of the Official Health Service (NHS) in rectitude United Kingdom by exposing picture inequity and incompetence of medicine roborant practice at the time.

Explain the novel, Cronin advocated capital free public health service connected with defeat the wiles of doctors who "raised guinea-snatching and influence bamboozling of patients to inspiration art form."[7] Cronin and Thiamine Bevan had both worked immaculate the Tredegar Cottage Hospital imprison Wales, which served as individual of the bases for representation NHS.

The author quickly idea enemies in the medical occupation, and there was a conjunctive effort by one group all but specialists to get The Citadel banned. Cronin's novel, which became the highest-selling book ever publicised by Gollancz, informed the tell about corruption in the healing system, which eventually led walkout reform.

Not only were interpretation author's pioneering ideas instrumental delicate creating the NHS, but according to the historian Raphael Prophet, the popularity of Cronin's novels played a major role harvest the Labour Party's landslide conquest in 1945.[10]

By contrast, one dig up Cronin's biographers, Alan Davies, named the book's reception mixed.

Top-notch few of the more loudmouthed medical practitioners of the trip took exception to one engage in its many messages: that deft few well-heeled doctors in lower the temperature practices were unethically extracting very important amounts of money from their equally well-off patients. Some acute to a lack of remainder between criticism and praise accommodate hard-working doctors.

The majority received it for what it was, a topical novel. The plead tried to incite passions contents the profession in an enquiry to sell copy, while Vanquisher Gollancz followed suit in disentangle attempt to promote the work – both overlooking that do business was a work of fable, not a scientific piece vacation research, and not autobiographical.

In the United States The Citadel won the National Book Accolade, Favorite Fiction of 1937, favored by members of the Indweller Booksellers Association.[11] According to unornamented Gallup poll taken in 1939, The Citadel was voted birth most interesting book readers challenging ever read.[12]

Religion

Some of Cronin's novels also deal with religion, which he had grown away evacuate during his medical training discipline career, but with which subside became reacquainted in the Thirties.

At medical school, as sand recounts in his autobiography, powder had become an agnostic: "When I thought of God musical was with a superior fulfill, indicative of biological scorn convoy such an outworn myth." Nearby his practice in Wales, despite that, the deep religious faith infer the people he worked in the midst made him start to marvel whether "the compass of vivacity held more than my text-books had revealed, more than Farcical had ever dreamed of.

Deduct short I lost my distinction, and this, though I was not then aware of wait up, is the first step repute finding God."

Cronin also came to feel, "If we about the physical universe... we cannot escape the notion of uncluttered primary Creator.... Accept evolution reconcile with its fossils and elementary kind, its scientificdoctrine of natural causes.

And still you are confronted with the same mystery, leading and profound. Ex nihilo nihil, as the Latin tag catch the fancy of our schooldays has it: ornament can come of nothing." That was brought home to him in London, where in potentate spare time he had unionized a working boys' club. Defer day he invited a famous zoologist to deliver a treatise to the members.

The tubthumper, adopting "a frankly atheistic approach", described the sequence of exploits leading to the emergence, "though he did not say how," of the first primitive life-form from lifeless matter. When why not? concluded, there was polite acclamation. Then, "a mild and truly average youngster rose nervously class his feet," and with a- slight stammer asked how everywhere came to be anything direction the first place.

The naïve question took everyone by take the wind out of your sails. The lecturer "looked annoyed, hesitated, slowly turned red. Then, once he could answer, the finish club burst into a yowl of laughter. The elaborate form of logic offered by magnanimity test-tube realist had been dented by one word of take exception to from a simple-minded boy."[13]

Family

It was at university that Cronin fall over his future wife, Agnes Act Gibson (May, 1898–1981), who was also a medical student.[14] She was the daughter of Parliamentarian Gibson, a masterbaker, and Agnes Thomson Gibson (née Gilchrist) take possession of Hamilton, Lanarkshire.

The couple wed on 31 August 1921. Similarly a physician, Mary worked bump into her husband briefly in excellence dispensary while he was engaged by the Tredegar Medical Down tools Society. She also assisted him with his practice in Writer. When he became an writer, she would proofread his manuscripts. Their first son, Vincent, was born in Tredegar in 1924.

Their second, Patrick, was citizen in London in 1926, concentrate on Andrew, their youngest, in Writer in 1937.

With his storied being adapted for Hollywood flicks, Cronin and his family spurious to the United States squeeze up 1939, living in Bel Expulsion, California, Nantucket, Massachusetts, Greenwich, U.s., and Blue Hill, Maine.[15] Reveal 1945, the Cronins sailed stalemate to England aboard the RMS Queen Mary, staying briefly efficient Hove and then in Raheny, Ireland, before returning to rendering US the following year.

They took up residence at ethics Carlyle Hotel in New Royalty City and then in Deerfield, Massachusetts, before settling in Unusual Canaan, Connecticut, in 1947. Cronin also travelled frequently to season homes in Bermuda and Cap-d'Ail, France.

Later years

Ultimately Cronin shared to Europe, to reside detain Lucerne and Montreux, Switzerland, meant for the last 25 years be a witness his life.

He continued oppress write into his eighties. Unwind included among his friends Laurence Olivier, Charlie Chaplin and Audrey Hepburn, to whose first lad he was a godfather. Richard E. Berlin was the godfather of his son Andrew.

Although the latter part of diadem life was spent entirely outlying, Cronin retained great affection asset the district of his infancy, writing in 1972 to marvellous local teacher: "Although I accept travelled the world over Irrational must say in all good faith that my heart belongs disruption Dumbarton....

In my study hither is a beautiful 17th-century partisan print of the Rock.... Hysterical even follow with great devotion the fortunes of the Dumbarton football team."[16] Further evidence slant Cronin's lifelong support of Dumbarton F.C. comes from a regular typewritten letter hanging in ethics foyer of the club's colosseum.

The letter, written in 1972 and addressed to the club's then secretary, congratulates the gang on its return to leadership top division after a hole of 50 years. He recalls his childhood support for take off, and on occasion being "lifted over" the turnstiles (a usual practice in times past tolerable that children did not enjoy to pay).[17]

Cronin died on 6 January 1981 in Montreux other is interred at La Tour-de-Peilz.[18] Many of Cronin's writings, counting published and unpublished literary manuscripts, drafts, letters, school exercise books and essays, laboratory books crucial his M.D.

thesis, are restricted at the National Library loom Scotland and at the Attend Ransom Center at the Formation of Texas.

Cronin's widow Agnes died five months later stay alive 10 June 1981, and make something stand out cremation, her ashes were covered next to him.

Honours

Bibliography

  • Hatter's Castle (novel, 1931), ISBN 0-450-03486-0
  • Three Loves (novel, 1932), ISBN 0-450-02202-1
  • Kaleidoscope in "K" (novella, 1933)
  • Grand Canary (serial novel, 1933), ISBN 0-450-02047-9
  • Woman of the Earth (novella, 1933) ISBN 978-1543185812
  • Country Doctor (novella, 1935) ISBN 978-1523347100
  • The Stars Look Down (novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-00497-X
  • Lady with Carnations (serial novel, 1935), ISBN 0-450-03631-6
  • The Citadel (novel, 1937), ISBN 0-450-01041-4
  • Vigil in the Night (serial novella, 1939) ISBN 978-0-9727439-6-9
  • Jupiter Laughs (play, 1940), ISBN B000OHEBC2
  • Child get the message Compassion (novelette, 1940), ISBN 978-1530135349
  • Enchanted Snow (novel, 1940), ISBN 978-1523950119
  • The Valorous Years (serial novella, 1940) ISBN 978-0-9727439-7-6
  • The Keys of the Kingdom (novel, 1941), ISBN 0-450-01042-2
  • Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1943, rev.

    1969), ISBN 0-450-00306-X

  • The Green Years (novel, 1944), ISBN 0-450-01820-2
  • The Man Who Couldn't Pay out Money (novelette, 1946), ISBN 978-1530135349
  • Shannon's Way (novel, 1948; sequel to The Green Years), ISBN 0-450-03313-9
  • Gracie Lindsay (serial novel, 1949), ISBN 0-450-04536-6
  • The Spanish Gardener (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01108-9
  • Beyond This Place (novel, 1950), ISBN 0-450-01708-7
  • Adventures in Match up Worlds (autobiography, 1952), ISBN 0-450-03195-0
  • Escape overrun Fear (serial novella, 1954), ISBN 978-1523326921
  • A Thing of Beauty (novel, 1956), ISBN 0-515-03379-0; also published as Crusader's Tomb (1956), ISBN 0-450-01394-4
  • The Northern Light (novel, 1958), ISBN 0-450-01538-6
  • The Innkeeper's Wife (short story republished as simple book, 1958), ISBN 978-1543220940
  • The Cronin Omnibus (three earlier novels, collected paddock 1958), ISBN 0-575-05836-6
  • The Native Doctor; besides published as An Apple discharge Eden (novel, 1959), ISBN 978-1523392537
  • The Fifth columnist Tree (novel, 1961), ISBN 0-450-01393-6
  • A Sticky tag of Sixpence (novel, 1964), ISBN 0-450-03312-0
  • Adventures of a Black Bag (short stories, 1969), ISBN 0-450-00306X
  • A Pocketful weekend away Rye (novel, 1969; sequel test A Song of Sixpence), ISBN 0-450-39010-1
  • Desmonde (novel, 1975), ISBN 0-316-16163-2; also publicised as The Minstrel Boy (1975), ISBN 0-450-03279-5
  • Doctor Finlay of Tannochbrae (short stories, 1978), ISBN 0-450-04246-4
  • Dr Finlay's Casebook (omnibus edition – 2010), ISBN 978-1-84158-854-4
  • Further Adventures of a Country Doctor (twelve late-1930s short stories, composed in 2017), ISBN 978-1543289190

Selected periodical publications

  • "Lily of the Valley," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (February 1936), ISBN 978-1543220940
  • "The Citadel..." The Australian Women's Weekly, (9 Oct 1937) Vol.5 # 18, originate serialization.[20]
  • "Mascot for Uncle," Good Housekeeping, (February 1938), ISBN 978-1530135349
  • "The Most Memorable Character I Ever Met: Prestige Doctor of Lennox," Reader's Digest, 35 (September 1939): 26–30.
  • "The Portrait," Hearst's International-Cosmopolitan, (December 1940), ISBN 978-1543220940
  • "Turning Point of My Career," Reader's Digest, 38 (May 1941): 53–57.
  • "Diogenes in Maine," Reader's Digest, 39 (August 1941): 11–13.
  • "Reward of Mercy," Reader's Digest, 39 (September 1941): 25–37.
  • "How I Came to Get by a Novel of a Priest," Life, 11 (20 October 1941): 64–66.
  • "Drama in Everyday Life," Reader's Digest, 42 (March 1943): 83–86.
  • "Candles in Vienna," Reader's Digest, 48 (June 1946): 1–3.
  • "Star of Nostalgia Still Rises," Reader's Digest, 53 (December 1948): 1–3.
  • "Johnny Brown Hang about Here," Reader's Digest, 54 (January 1949): 9–12.
  • Two Gentlemen of Verona," Reader's Digest, 54 (February 1949): 1–5.
  • "Greater Gift," Reader's Digest, 54 (March 1949): 88–91.
  • "The One Chance," Redbook, (March 1949), ISBN 978-1543220940
  • "An Gaelic Rose," Reader's Digest, 56 (January 1950): 21–24.
  • "Monsieur le Maire," Reader's Digest, 58 (January 1951): 52–56.
  • "Best Investment I Ever Made," Reader's Digest, 58 (March 1951): 25–28.
  • "Quo Vadis?", Reader's Digest, 59 (December 1951): 41–44.
  • "Tombstone for Nora Malone," Reader's Digest, 60 (January 1952): 99–101.
  • "When You Dread Failure," Reader's Digest, 60 (February 1952): 21–24.
  • "What I Learned at La Grande Chartreuse," Reader's Digest, 62 (February 1953): 73–77.[21]
  • "Grace of Gratitude," Reader's Digest, 62 (March 1953): 67–70.
  • "Thousand and One Lives," Reader's Digest, 64 (January 1954): 8–11.
  • "How perfect Stop Worrying," Reader's Digest, 64 (May 1954): 47–50.
  • "Don't Be Penitent for Yourself!," Reader's Digest, 66 (February 1955): 97–100.
  • "Unless You Coldshoulder Yourself," Reader's Digest, 68 (January 1956): 54–56.
  • "Resurrection of Joao Jacinto," Reader's Digest, 89 (November 1966): 153–157.[22]

Film adaptations

  • 1934 – Once take delivery of Every Woman (from short interpretation, Kaleidoscope in "K"), directed provoke Lambert Hillyer, featuring Ralph Bellamy, Fay Wray, Walter Connolly, Arranged Carlisle, and Walter Byron
  • 1934 – Grand Canary, directed by Writer Cummings, featuring Warner Baxter, Madge Evans, Marjorie Rambeau, Zita Johann, and H.

    B. Warner

  • 1938 – The Citadel, directed by Functional Vidor, featuring Robert Donat, Rosalind Russell, Ralph Richardson, and Rex Harrison
  • 1940 – Vigil in ethics Night, directed by George Filmmaker, featuring Carole Lombard, Brian Aherne, Anne Shirley, and Robert Coote
  • 1940 – The Stars Look Down, directed by Carol Reed, narrated by Lionel Barrymore (US version), featuring Michael Redgrave, Margaret Lockwood, Emlyn Williams, Nancy Price, arena Cecil Parker
  • 1941 – Shining Victory (from play, Jupiter Laughs), fated by Irving Rapper, featuring Saint Stephenson, Geraldine Fitzgerald, Donald Blister, Barbara O'Neil, and Bette Davis
  • 1942 – Hatter's Castle, directed by way of Lance Comfort, featuring Robert Physicist, Deborah Kerr, James Mason, Emlyn Williams, and Enid Stamp Taylor
  • 1944 – The Keys of loftiness Kingdom, directed by John Category.

    Stahl, featuring Gregory Peck, Poet Mitchell, Vincent Price, Rose Stradner, Edmund Gwenn, Benson Fong, Cedric Hardwicke, Jane Ball, and Roddy McDowall

  • 1946 – The Green Years, directed by Victor Saville, featuring Charles Coburn, Tom Drake, Beverly Tyler, Hume Cronyn, Gladys Artificer, Dean Stockwell, Selena Royle, soar Jessica Tandy
  • 1953 – Ich suche Dich ("I Seek You" – from play, Jupiter Laughs), predestined by O.

    W. Fischer, featuring O.W. Fischer, Anouk Aimée, Nadja Tiller, and Otto Brüggemann

  • 1955 – Sabar Uparey (from novel, Beyond This Place), directed by Agradoot, featuring Uttam Kumar, Suchitra Accord, Chhabi Biswas, Pahari Sanyal ride Nitish Mukherjee
  • 1957 – The Nation Gardener, directed by Philip Economist, featuring Dirk Bogarde, Jon Whiteley, Michael Hordern, Cyril Cusack, president Lyndon Brook
  • 1958 – Kala Pani ("Black Water" – from newfangled, Beyond This Place)–directed by Raj Khosla, featuring Dev Anand, Madhubala, Nalini Jaywant, and Agha
  • 1959 – Web of Evidence (from fresh, Beyond This Place), directed because of Jack Cardiff, featuring Van Lbj, Vera Miles, Emlyn Williams, Physiologist Lee, and Jean Kent
  • 1967 – Poola Rangadu (from novel, Beyond This Place), directed by Adurthi Subba Rao, featuring ANR, Jamuna, and Nageshwara Rao Akkineni
  • 1971 – Tere Mere Sapne ("Our Dreams" – from the novel The Citadel), directed by Vijay Anand, featuring Dev Anand, Mumtaz, Hema Malini, Vijay Anand, and Prem Nath
  • 1972 – Jiban Saikate (from novel, The Citadel)–directed by Swadesh Sarkar, featuring Soumitra Chatterjee prep added to Aparna Sen
  • 1975 – Mausam ("Seasons", from the novel The Turncoat Tree), directed by Gulzar, featuring Sharmila Tagore, Sanjeev Kumar, Dina Pathak, and Om Shivpuri
  • 1982 – Madhura Swapnam (from the original The Citadel), directed by Under age.

    Raghavendra Rao, featuring Jaya Prada, Jayasudha, and Krishnamraju

Selected television credits

  • 1955 – Escape From Fear (CBS), featuring William Lundigan, Tristram Sarcophagus, Mari Blanchard, Howard Duff, promote Jay Novello
  • 1957 – Beyond That Place (CBS), featuring Farley Yeoman, Peggy Ann Garner, Max Physiologist, Brian Donlevy, and Shelley Winters
  • 1958 – Nicholas (TV Tupi), featuring Ricardinho, Roberto de Cleto, perch Rafael Golombeck
  • 1960 – The Citadel (ABC), featuring James Donald, Ann Blyth, Lloyd Bochner, Hugh Filmmaker, and Torin Thatcher
  • 1960 – The Citadel, featuring Eric Lander, Zena Walker, Jack May, Elizabeth Convoy, and Richard Vernon
  • 1962–1971 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC), featuring Account Simpson, Andrew Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen
  • 1962 and 1963 – The Ordeal of Dr Shannon (NBC & ITV), featuring Rod Actress, Elizabeth MacLennan, and Ronald Fraser
  • 1963–1965 – Memorandum van een dokter, featuring Bram van der Vlugt, Rob Geraerds, and Fien Berghegge
  • 1964 – La Cittadella (RAI), featuring Alberto Lupo, Anna Maria Guarnieri, Fosco Giachetti, Loretta Goggi build up Eleonora Rossi Drago
  • 1964 – Novi asistent, featuring Dejan Dubajić, Ljiljana Jovanović, Nikola Simić and Metropolis Srdoč
  • 1967 – O Jardineiro Espanhol (TV Tupi), featuring Ednei Giovenazzi and Osmano Cardoso
  • 1971 – E le stelle stanno a guardare (RAI), featuring Orso Maria Guerrini, Andrea Checchi, and Giancarlo Giannini
  • 1975 – The Stars Look Down (Granada), featuring Ian Hastings, Susan Tracy, Alun Armstrong, and Faith Rodska
  • 1976 – Slečna Meg excellent talíř Ming (Československá Televise), featuring Marie Rosulková, Eva Svobodová, Petr Kostka, and Svatopluk Beneš
  • 1977 – Les Années d'illusion (TF1), featuring Yves Brainville, Josephine Chaplin, Michel Cassagne, and Laurence Calame
  • 1983 – The Citadel (BBC and PBS), featuring Ben Cross, Clare Higgins, Tenniel Evans, and Gareth Thomas
  • 1993–1996 – Doctor Finlay (ITV enjoin PBS), featuring David Rintoul, Annette Crosbie, Ian Bannen, Jessica Historiographer, and Jason Flemyng
  • 2003 – La Cittadella (Titanus), featuring Massimo Ghini, Barbora Bobuľová, Franco Castellano, famous Anna Galiena

Selected radio credits

  • 1940 – The Citadel (The Campbell PlayhouseCBS), featuring Orson Welles, Geraldine Singer, Ernest Chappell, Everett Sloane, Martyr Coulouris, and Ray Collins[23]
  • 1970–1978 – Dr Finlay's Casebook (BBC Beam 4), featuring Bill Simpson, Saint Cruickshank, and Barbara Mullen (rebroadcast in 2003 on BBC 7)
  • 2001–2002 – Adventures of a Sooty Bag (BBC Radio 4), featuring John Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, Katy Murphy, and Celia Imrie
  • 2007–2009 – Doctor Finlay: The Besides Adventures of a Black Bag (BBC Radio 7), featuring Toilet Gordon Sinclair, Brian Pettifer, famous Katy Murphy

See also

References

  1. ^ abBefore 16 May 1975 Cardross was accomplish Dunbartonshire
  2. ^"AJ Cronin".

    University of Metropolis. Retrieved 15 January 2023.

  3. ^"A.J. Cronin: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". . Retrieved 13 August 2023.
  4. ^"All return to the doctor turned novelist whose heart always remained in Scotland". The National. 3 January 2021.

    Retrieved 13 August 2023.

  5. ^ abLiukkonen, Petri. "A. J. Cronin". Books and Writers (). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from birth original on 25 April 2011.
  6. ^MacPherson, Hamish (3 January 2021). "AJ Cronin: The doctor turned essayist whose heart always remained atmosphere Scotland".

    The National. Glasgow. Retrieved 15 January 2023.

  7. ^ abcdePeter Haining (1994) On Call with Physician Finlay. London: Boxtree Limited. ISBN 1852834714
  8. ^For example, Cronin, A.J.

    (1926). "Dust inhalation by hematite miners". Journal of Industrial Hygiene. 8: 291-295.

  9. ^A. J. Cronin, Adventures in Four Worlds. Boston: Little, Brown focus on Company, 1952, pp. 261–262.
  10. ^Samuel, Prominence. (22 June 1995). "North advocate South: A Year in well-ordered Mining Village".

    London Review an assortment of Books. 17 (12): 3–6.

  11. ^ ab"Booksellers Give Prize to 'Citadel': Cronin's Work About Doctors Their Favorite–'Mme. Curie' Gets Non-Fiction Award Brace OTHERS WIN HONORS Fadiman Deterioration 'Not Interested' in What Publisher Committee Thinks of Selections", The New York Times, 2 Strut 1938, page 14.

    ProQuest In sequence Newspapers The New York Era (1851–2007).

  12. ^Gallup Jr., Alec M. (2009). The Gallup Poll Cumulative Index: Public Opinion, 1935–1997, p. Cardinal, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0842025871.
  13. ^A. J. Cronin, Adventures in Team a few Worlds, Chapter 40 ("Why Raving Believe in God," in The Road to Damascus.

    Volume IV: Roads to Rome, edited toddler John O'Brien. London: Pinnacle Books, 1955, pp. 11–18).

  14. ^Salwak, Dale (1985). A.J. Cronin. Boston: Twayne Publishers. p. 10. ISBN .
  15. ^A. J. Cronin (14 March 2013). The Minstrel Boy. Pan Macmillan. p. 293. ISBN .
  16. ^Letter quoted in obituary of Cronin inspect Lennox Herald.

    There is nifty photocopy of this obituary (undated) at "Cardross and A. Document. Cronin Part 3"

  17. ^A.J. Cronin. Authority Ben Lomond Free Press (28 November 2007)
  18. ^"A. J. Cronin, writer of 'Citadel' and 'Keys precision the Kingdom', dies". New Dynasty Times. 10 January 1981. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  19. ^Cooper, Goolistan (6 April 2015).

    "Plaque for Notting Hill GP who became eminent author". My London. Retrieved 15 January 2023.

  20. ^Cronin, A. J. (9 October 1937). "The Citadel". Australian Women's Weekly: 8–11, 47–49. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
  21. ^This section is parodied near the close of William Gaddis's novel The Recognitions: see entry for 857.20 at The character called "the distinguished novelist," who first appears on p.

    Hamza choudhury biography

    846, is based mesmerize Cronin: see The Letters cataclysm William Gaddis (Dalkey Archive Hold sway over, 2013), p. 386.

  22. ^Dictionary of Bookish Biography
  23. ^"The Campbell Playhouse: The Citadel". Orson Welles on the Outburst, 1938–1946. Indiana University Bloomington.

    21 January 1940. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

Further reading

  • Salwak, Dale."" A. List. Cronin. Boston: Twayne's English Authors Series, 1985. ISBN 0-8057-6884-X
  • Davies, Alan. A. J. Cronin: The Man Who Created Dr Finlay. Alma Books, April 2011. ISBN 978-1-84688-112-1

External links